Globe at Night 2018 Hercules and Third Crux Campaigns Begin June 4

Summary: The Globe at Night 2018 Hercules and third Crux campaigns begin Monday, June 4, in the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere, respectively.

The distinctive, quadrangular Keystone asterism, or star pattern, forms the Roman mythological hero's body (or head, as visualized by the Curious George series' creator, 20th century German-born American author-illustrator Hans Augusto "H.A." Rey) in Hercules the Hero constellation: Winchester SciCentre @WinSciCentre via Twitter Aug. 30, 2016

The Globe at Night 2018 Hercules and third Crux campaigns begin Monday, June 4, and finish Wednesday, June 13, to check light pollution effects on visibility of Hercules the Hero constellation in the Northern Hemisphere and on Crux the Cross in the Southern Hemisphere.

The June campaign is the first of Globe at Night’s two 2018 campaigns concerning Hercules the Hero constellation. Globe at Night's second 2018 Hercules campaign takes place in July. The Roman mythological hero’s constellation rates as the fifth largest of the 88 modern constellations.

Constellation Hercules extends northward on astronomy’s Northern Celestial Hemisphere to border the northern circumpolar constellation of Draco the Dragon. Hercules the Hero’s southern boundary touches the equatorial constellation of Ophiuchus the Serpent Bearer.

Hercules the Hero’s southward reach also includes two additional equatorial constellations as neighbors. Aquila the Eagle and Serpens Caput the Serpent Head spill across the celestial equator to sidle alongside Hercules and Ophiuchus.

The figure of Hercules appears upside down relative to the Hero's surrounding constellations. The three equatorial constellations crown the Hero's head and upper torso. Circumpolar Draco the Dragon lurks beneath a foot and a knee of the kneeling hero.

Five fully Northern Celestial Hemisphere constellations frame Hercules the Hero's sides. Bootes the Herdsman (or Plowman) stretches alongside Corona Borealis the Northern Crown to join Draco the Dragon at Hercules's flexed foot. On the Hero's other side, Sagitta the Arrow rests atop Aquila the Eagle to support Vulpecula the Little Fox and Lyra the Lyre.

Globe at Night’s website suggests finding Hercules by way of Vega. The bluish-white star is the brightest star in Lyra the Lyre constellation. A north-facing observer locates the quadrangular shape of Hercules's distinctive Keystone asterism, or star pattern, to the west of Vega. EarthSky Tonight’s lead writer, Bruce McClure, describes the distance between Vega and the Keystone as equivalent to the width of the observer's extended fist.

Globe at Night conducts the Northern Hemisphere 2018 Hercules campaign simultaneously with the third 2018 Crux campaign for Southern Hemisphere participants. While Hercules the Hero reigns as the fifth largest of the 88 modern constellations, Crux the Cross constellation holds last place, as the smallest.

Globe at Night conducts the June Crux campaign as the last of three 2018 Crux campaigns. The first 2018 Crux campaign ran from Friday, April 6, to Sunday, April 15. The second 2018 Crux campaign ran from Saturday, May 5, to Monday, May 14.

Southern circumpolar constellation Crux claims only two neighbors in its starry location in the Southern Celestial Hemisphere. Centaurus the Centaur, also a southern circumpolar constellation, surrounds Crux on three sides, resting along Crux’s eastern, western and northern borders. Musca the Fly comprises Crux’s southern neighbor.

Globe at Night’s website suggests locating Crux the Cross constellation by way of Alpha Centauri and Beta Centauri in Centaurus the Centaur. The two brightest stars in Centaurus are known as the Southern Pointers for their clear, helpful pointing toward Crux the Cross constellation’s Southern Cross asterism.

Reference to Globe at Night’s seven magnitude charts guide Hercules and Crux campaign participants in determining the faintest visible stars for their latitude. Charts range from magnitude zero for cloudy sky to magnitude seven for a star-filled sky. Results of participants’ observations reveal the effects of light pollution on the visibility of the two constellations for Earth-based stargazers.

Globe at Night’s website (www.globeatnight.org) encourages citizen scientists around the globe to participate in 2018’s monthly campaigns. The year’s first campaign began Friday, Jan. 6. The last campaign finishes Saturday, Dec. 8, 2018.

Southern Hemisphere campaigns focus on six constellations. Closed campaigns comprise Orion the Hunter, conducted in January and February, and Canis Major (“Greater Dog”), held in January, February and March.

After Crux closes in June, Scorpius the Scorpion begins in July, with a second campaign in August. Sagittarius the Archer’s first campaign takes place in September, followed by a second campaign in October. Globe at Night conducts two Grus the Crane campaign. The first Grus campaign runs from Tuesday, Oct. 30, to Thursday, Nov. 8; the second begins Thursday, Nov. 29, and finishes Saturday, Dec. 8.

Northern Hemisphere campaigns cover nine constellations. Closed campaigns comprise Orion the Hunter (January, February, March), Taurus the Bull (January), Gemini the Twins (February), Leo the Lion (March, April) and Bootes the Herdsman (May).

Three constellations succeed July’s second Hercules campaign in the Northern Hemisphere. Cygnus the Swan has two campaigns, with the first in August and the second in September. Pegasus the Winged Horse campaign takes place in October. Globe at Night’s two Perseus the Hero campaigns run simultaneously with the Southern Hemisphere’s Grus campaign.

The takeaway for the Globe at Night 2018 Hercules and third Crux campaigns, which begin Monday, June 4, is that the Northern Hemisphere’s June Hercules campaign occurs as the first of two 2018 Hercules campaigns, while the Southern Hemisphere’s Crux campaign in June takes place as the last of three monthly Crux campaigns in 2018.

Contact details for Globe at Night:

email: globeatnight@noao.edu
website: https://www.darksky.org

Alpha Centauri and Beta Centauri, two brightest stars in Centaurus the Centaur constellation, point to the ninth largest modern constellation’s neighbor, Crux the Cross, which is the smallest of the 88 modern constellations: Mark Mighell/Facebook @ https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10205461313829125 : Avalable via Mark Mighell ‏@WizzardMighell Twitter Dec. 21, 2014

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

The distinctive, quadrangular Keystone asterism, or star pattern, forms the Roman mythological hero's body (or head, as visualized by the Curious George series' creator, 20th century German-born American author-illustrator Hans Augusto "H.A." Rey) in Hercules the Hero constellation: Winchester SciCentre @WinSciCentre via Twitter Aug. 30, 2016, @ https://twitter.com/WinSciCentre/status/770697834471550976

Alpha Centauri and Beta Centauri, two brightest stars in Centaurus the Centaur constellation, point to the ninth largest modern constellation’s neighbor, Crux the Cross, which is the smallest of the 88 modern constellations: Mark Mighell ‏@WizzardMighell via Twitter Dec. 21, 2014, @ https://twitter.com/WizzardMighell/status/546934171692589056

For further information:

EarthSky ‏@earthskyscience. “Vega is your guide to Hercules, its Keystone and a famous star cluster #easyfind.” Twitter. May 22, 2014.
Available @ https://twitter.com/earthskyscience/status/469510329396101121

Mark Mighell. "The Southern Cross or Crux is a constellation visible in the Southern Hemisphere." Facebook. Dec. 21, 2014.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10205461313829125

Mark Mighell ‏@WizzardMighell. "The Southern Cross or Crux is a constellation visible in the Southern Hemisphere." Twitter. Dec. 21, 2014.
Available @ https://twitter.com/WizzardMighell/status/546934171692589056

Marriner, Derdriu. "Curious George Co-Creator Hans Rey Drew Keystone as Head of Hercules." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, July 9, 2014.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/07/curious-george-co-creator-hans-rey-drew.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Four Star Keystone Asterism Contains Hercules Globular Cluster.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Sept. 27, 2017.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/09/four-star-keystone-asterism-contains.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Globe at Night 2018 Bootes and Crux Campaigns Happen in May.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, May 9, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/globe-at-night-2018-bootes-and-crux.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Keystone Asterism Identifies Hercules the Kneeling Hero Constellation.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Sept. 6, 2017.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/09/keystone-asterism-identifies-hercules.html

McClure, Bruce. “Find the Keystone in Hercules.” EarthSky > Tonight. May 13, 2018.
Available @ http://earthsky.org/tonight/vega-guide-star-to-the-keystone-and-hercules-star-cluster

Rey, H.A. The Stars: A New Way to See Them. Enlarged World-Wide Edition. New York NY: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1997.

Winchester SciCentre @WinSciCentre. "Stargazing Guide: Can you spot Hercules? Look for the ‘keystone’ of four stars that form his torso! #Stargazing." Twitter. Aug. 30, 2016.
Available @ https://twitter.com/WinSciCentre/status/770697834471550976

Vittorio Grigolo Sang Three 2017-2018 Met Opera Season Lead Roles

Summary: Italian operatic tenor Vittorio Grigolo sang three 2017-2018 Met Opera season lead roles, adding Lucia di Lammermoor and Tosca to his Met repertoire.

Vittorio Grigolo sang his third 2017-2018 lead role as earnest yet tragic Edgardo, doomed by his and Lucia’s feuding Scottish families: The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera via Facebook April 3, 2018

Italian operatic tenor Vittorio Grigolo sang three 2017-2018 Met Opera season lead roles, adding Donizetti’s Lucia di Lammermoor and Puccini’s Tosca to his Met repertoire and revisiting Offenbach’s Les Contes d’Hoffmann.

Grigolo’s first lead role in the 2017-2018 Met Opera season occurred in Les Contes d’Hoffmann by German-born French composer Jacques Offenbach (June 20, 1819-Oct. 5, 1880). He reprised the Met Opera career role that he had debuted during the 2014-2015 Met Opera season.

Grigolo sang the title role for eight of the 2017-2018 Met Opera season’s nine performances. His appearances included September’s opening night and closing night Sunday, Oct. 28.

Yosep Kang appeared in the title role for the Thursday, Oct. 18, 2017, performance. The South Korean tenor’s appearance marked his Metropolitan Opera debut.

Les Contes d’Hoffmann opened Tuesday, Sept. 26, 2017, as the second of three operas presented during the first week of the 2017-2018 Met Opera season. Opening night marked the Metropolitan Opera’s 270th performance of Offenbach’s opera about a love-seeking, tortured poet.

Les Contes d’Hoffmann shared opening week honors with the season’s opener, Norma by 19th century opera composer Vincenzo Bellini (Nov. 3, 1801-Sept. 23, 1835). Les Contes d’Hoffmann’s illustrious, opening week successor was Die Zauberflöte by Classical Era composer Wolfgang Mozart (Jan. 27, 1756-Dec. 5, 1791).

Vittorio Grigolo’s reprised role of Hoffmann happened amid the familiar scenery of the Metropolitan Opera’s revival of the 2014-2015 season’s production. Bartlett Sher’s staging predated Grigolo’s 2014-2015 season role debut. The American theater director’s new production debuted Dec. 3, 2009, in the Metropolitan Opera’s 241st performance of Les Contes d’Hoffmann.

Grigolo sang his second lead role in the 2017-2018 Met Opera season’s presentation of Tosca by Italian opera composer Giacomo Puccini (Dec. 22, 1858-Nov. 29, 1924). Opening night Sunday, Dec. 31, 2017, marked the Metropolitan Opera’s 951st performance of Puccini’s opera about a jealous diva and her devoted artistic lover.

Grigolo appeared as Cavaradossi, Tosca’s idealistic love, for nine of the 2017-2018 Met Opera season’s 15 performances. He sang in the 2017-2018 Met Opera season’s winter performances, including opening night.

Grigolo shared the role with Marcelo Álvarez. The Argentine lyric tenor appeared as Cavaradossi in the 2017-2018 Met Opera season’s spring performances, including closing night Saturday, May 12, 2018.

Grigolo’s Met Opera career role debut coincided with a new production debut for Tosca in the 2017-2018 Met Opera season. Scottish opera and theatre director Sir David McVicar’s new staging focused on translating the music’s grandeur to the architectural majesty of the opera’s real-life environments in Rome.

Vittorio Grigolo appeared in his third 2017-2018 Met Opera season lead role in Lucia di Lammermoor by 19th century bel canto opera composer Gaetano Donizetti (Nov. 29, 1797-April 8, 1848). Opening night Thursday, March 22, 2018, marked the Metropolitan Opera’s 600th performance of Donizetti’s darkly atmospheric opera inspired by Sir Walter Scott’s Scottish historical novel (1819).

Grigolo appeared as Sir Edgardo of Ravenswood, Romeo to Lucia’s Juliette, for the first seven of the 2017-2018 Met Opera season’s 12 performances. He split first and last night honors with his counterpart, Michael Fabiano. The American operatic tenor sang as Sir Edgardo for the last five performances, including closing night Thursday, May 10.

Grigolo sang his Met Opera career debut role as Edgardo in the 2017-2018 Met Opera season’s revival of Mary Zimmerman’s atmospheric staging. The American theater and opera director’s staging debuted Sept. 24, 2007, in the Metropolitan Opera’s 558th performance.

Vittorio Grigolo has continued to expand his repertoire at Manhattan’s Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts since his Metropolitan Opera debut Oct. 16, 2010, as Rodolfo in Puccini’s La Bohème. His two roles, in Charles-François Gounod’s Roméo et Juliette and Jules Massenet’s Werther, during the 2016-2017 Met Opera season were both title roles.

Vittorio Grigolo returns to Lincoln Center for two lead roles in the 2018-2019 Met Opera season. He reprises his Met Opera debut role as Puccini’s Rodolfo. Also, he revisits Verdi’s Duke of Mantua, which was his Met Opera career debut role during the 2012-2013 Met Opera season.

The takeaways for Vittorio Grigolo’s appearances in three 2017-2018 Met Opera season lead roles are that the Italian operatic tenor expanded his Met Opera repertoire with his roles in Donizetti’s Lucia di Lammermoor and Puccini’s Tosca and that he revisited his 2014-2015 Met Opera career role debut in Offenbach’s Les Contes d’Hoffmann.

Young Vittorio Grigolo sang as a shepherd in Tosca performances with Luciano Pavarotti as Cavaradossi: Metropolitan Opera ‏@MetOpera via Twitter Jan. 26, 2018

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Vittorio Grigolo sang his third 2017-2018 lead role as earnest yet tragic Edgardo, doomed by his and Lucia’s feuding Scottish families: The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera via Facebook April 3, 2018, @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/photos/a.134969600532.229232.20807115532/10160373469240533/

Young Vittorio Grigolo sang as a shepherd in Tosca performances with Luciano Pavarotti as Cavaradossi: Metropolitan Opera ‏@MetOpera via Twitter Jan. 26, 2018, @ https://twitter.com/MetOpera/status/956980068240289792

For further information:

“Debuts: . . . Vittorio Grigolo . . .” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 353598 La Bohème {1218} Metropolitan Opera House: 10/16/2010.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=353598

Marriner, Derdriu. “Lucia di Lammermoor Is April 7, 2018, Met Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast.” Earth and Space News. Monday, April 2, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/lucia-di-lammermoor-is-april-7-2018-met.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Metropolitan Opera’s Gallery Met Short for The Tales of Hoffmann.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Sept. 11, 2017.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/09/metropolitan-operas-gallery-met-short.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Roméo et Juliette Is the Jan. 21, 2017, Metropolitan Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Jan. 16, 2017.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/01/romeo-et-juliette-is-jan-21-2017.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Tosca Is Jan. 27, 2018, Met Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Jan. 22, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/tosca-is-jan-27-2018-met-opera-saturday.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Werther Is March 4, 2017, Metropolitan Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Feb. 27, 2017.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/02/werther-is-march-4-2017-metropolitan.html

Metropolitan Opera ‏@MetOpera. “#FlashbackFriday "Now, I am playing Cavaradossi myself for the first time ... I know that Luciano Pavarotti will be there, helping me from upstairs." Twitter. Jan. 26, 2018.
Available @ https://twitter.com/MetOpera/status/956980068240289792

The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera. "Vittorio Grigolo is the reason to see the Met’s ‘Lucia’ (The New York Times) Grigolo sings the role of Edgardo through April 14. On stage tonight, April 3. Photo by Richard Termine/Met Opera.” Facebook. April 3, 2018.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/photos/a.134969600532.229232.20807115532/10160373469240533/

Downtown Commercial Streetscape Tree Populations in Toronto, Canada

Summary: The May 2018 Arboriculture & Urban Forestry examines why 133 hardy London planetrees did poorly or died by 2015 on Bloor Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

In 2010 and 2011, 134 London planetrees (Platanus x acerifolia) were planted in raised flowerbeds and at-grade pit planters on Toronto's commercial-retail Bloor Street, between Avenue Road and Church Street: Peter Kuitenbrouwer @pkuitenbrouwer via Twitter July 11, 2014

North American cities aspire to augment downtown commercial streetscape tree populations for environmental benefits, including ambient heat moderation, retail traffic and urban aesthetics, according to Arboriculture & Urban Forestry's May 2018 issue.

The article The Influence of Abiotic Factors on Street-Tree Condition and Mortality in a Commercial-Retail Streetscape broaches below-ground, passive-irrigated, runoff-collected, surface-absorbed, water-infiltrated, tree-growing structural soil cells. Sixty-two dead and 71 alive trees in 2015 confirm previous research conclusions concerning disproportionately high mortality levels for trees close to highly urbanized streets and roadsides. Co-authors Amber Grant, Andrew Millward, Camilo Ordóñez, Vadim Sabetski, James Steenberg and James Urban decry compacted, high-alkaline, high-salt, low-nutrient, low-organic, low-volume, low water-holding, poor-drained tree-unfriendly soils.

Abiotic (non-living) factors in high-density, polluted, summer-heated urban canyons with low circulation, light and precipitation levels and multi-story buildings additionally endanger downtown commercial streetscape tree populations.

Eco-stress, miscare and vandalism fit downtown commercial streetscape tree populations into 5- to 20-year life expectancies instead of the 75-year life cycles that tree-friendly factors favor.

Revitalization of Bloor Street, 2010-2011, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, gathered 133 urban-tolerant London planetrees (Platanus x acerifolia) into soil cell-interconnected at-grade pit planters and raised beds. Toronto has the 7a plant hardiness zone's undisturbed soils "representative of the Lawrence River soil system, characterized by silt clay soils from glacial and fluvial deposits." The study invoked abiotic factors since the pre-removal inspection of the 133 same-species trees in flower beds and ground-level pits identified no visible diseases or pests.

The aim of poor performance triggers and the objectives of ecological, environmental and performance data join the purpose of abiotic factor-effectuated mortality and dead/poor/fair/good condition ratings.

The study's downtown commercial streetscape tree populations knew elevated sodium, highly alkaline soil pH, human-caused damage, low electrical conductivity, moderate sandy-clay-loam soil compaction and variable sunlight.

Tree decline drivers link climate- and human-induced bark and canopy damage, planting characteristics, soil alkalinity and salinity and, possibly, sunlight-induced heat stress and soil  moisture losses. The six co-authors mention Bloor Street's "very low tolerance to ice on the sidewalks, thus the intense use of de-icing agents" and raised soil salinity levels. They note the negative effects of street-level planting site characteristics in that pit planters typically net "significantly higher levels of salts" and mortality than raised beds.

The study's downtown commercial streetscape tree populations observed a soil pH within alkaline ranges, at 7.81 (±0.14), above recommended neutral levels at 6.5 for urban tree-growing.

Direct sunlight early in annual growing seasons and low seasonal sunlight variations prompt a more positive tree performance in Toronto, which pulls 2,066.3-hour yearly sunshine averages.

Peeling bark and tree cracks from physical damage and stress versus intact, unscarred bark, branches and trunks respectively queue up greater versus lesser dead-tree count frequencies. Study limitations reflected replacement- and replanting-deficient historical data, temporal cross-sectionality of soil analysis and unprocessed climatic data, such as heat-stressed bark peel and ice-damaged broken branches. The study's conclusions suggest globally warmed climate change sustaining such severe weather events as freeze-thaw cycles and ice storms that support structural soil cell-unfriendly de-icing salts.

The six-member team turns to tethering alkaline and saline soils, de-icing salts, physical damage, planter type and sunlight exposure to strengthen downtown commercial streetscape tree populations.

Urban forest mortality investigations initiated in 2015's study of commercial streetscape London planetrees on Toronto's Bloor Street continue with research on de-icing salt effects on structural soil cells on Queens Quay Boulevard along Toronto's central waterfront: DTAH @DTAHtoronto via Twitter Feb. 16, 2018

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to:
talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet;
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for superior on-campus and on-line resources.

Image credits:

In 2010 and 2011, 134 London planetrees (Platanus x acerifolia) were planted in raised flowerbeds and at-grade pit planters on Toronto's commercial-retail Bloor Street, between Avenue Road and Church Street: Peter Kuitenbrouwer @pkuitenbrouwer via Twitter July 11, 2014, @ https://twitter.com/pkuitenbrouwer/status/487587589696655360

Urban forest mortality investigations initiated in 2015's study of commercial streetscape London planetrees on Toronto's Bloor Street continue with research on de-icing salt effects on structural soil cells on Queens Quay Boulevard along Toronto's central waterfront: DTAH @DTAHtoronto via Twitter Feb. 16, 2018, @ https://twitter.com/DTAHtoronto/status/964579212026957824

For further information:

DTAH @DTAHtoronto. 16 February 2018. "We've partnered with @RyersonU's UFRED Group to study how de-icing salt affects urban tree performance in soil cell technology & determine ways to advance best practices for street tree planting." Twitter.
Available @ https://twitter.com/DTAHtoronto/status/964579212026957824

Gilman, Ed. 2011. An Illustrated Guide to Pruning. Third Edition. Boston MA: Cengage.

Hayes, Ed. 2001. Evaluating Tree Defects. Revised, Special Edition. Rochester MN: Safe Trees.

International Society of Arboriculture @InternationalSocietyofArboriculture. 7 January 2014. "Unusual ingredient is making it easier for snow removal at the Morton Arboretum: a mixture of beet juice and salt is an innovative, environmentally friendly alternative to traditional de-icing methods." Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/InternationalSocietyofArboriculture/posts/10152096628532557

Kuitenbrouwer, Peter. 5 August 2014. "Three years ago $20M was spent planting London Plane trees along Bloor. Now almost half are dead." The National Post > Posted Toronto. Last updated Jan. 24, 2015.
Available @ http://nationalpost.com/posted-toronto/peter-kuitenbrouwer-three-years-ago-20m-was-spend-planting-london-plane-trees-along-bloor-now-almost-half-are-dead

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 April 2018. “Mushroom-Forming and Non-Mushroom-Forming Fungal Life Cycle Traits.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/mushroom-forming-and-non-mushroom.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 March 2018. “Emerald Ash Borer Rapid Response Community Preparedness Project.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/emerald-ash-borer-rapid-response.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 February 2018. “Tree Retention by Arborists for Wildlife Habitat Friendly Tree Care.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/02/tree-retention-by-arborists-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 January 2018. “Integrated Vegetation Management Study in North and South Yukon, Canada.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/integrated-vegetation-management-study.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 December 2017. “Tree Inventories: Preemptive and Proactive or Piecemeal and Reactive.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/12/tree-inventories-preemptive-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 November 2017. “Chlorantraniliprole Reduced-Risk Insecticides Get Leaf-Eaters Not Bees.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/11/chlorantraniliprole-reduced-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 October 2017. “Palm Plant Health Care: Abiotic, Biotic Stress Culture and Management.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/10/palm-plant-health-care-abiotic-biotic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 September 2017. “Predawn Leaf Water Potentials Indicate Crown Dieback and Water Status.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/09/predawn-leaf-water-potentials-indicate.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 August 2017. “Palm Tree Identification and Pruning of Native and Naturalizable Palms.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/08/palm-tree-identification-and-pruning-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 July 2017. “Commonly Planted, Potentially Phytoremediating Street Tree Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/07/commonly-planted-potentially.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 June 2017. “Root Loss From Root Pruning and Root Shaving of Stem-Girdling Roots.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/06/root-loss-from-root-pruning-and-root.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 May 2017. “Age and Canopy Area Cost Less and Tell More in Urban Tree Inventories.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/05/age-and-canopy-area-cost-less-and-tell.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 April 2017. “Urban Root Management: Big Infrastructure, Small Space, Stressed Roots.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/04/urban-root-management-big.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 March 2017. “Flexural Elasticity Modulus: Trees and Watersprouts Bend or Break.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/03/flexural-elasticity-modulus-trees-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2017. “Plant Health Care Diagnostics When Plants and Places Wrong One Another.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/02/plant-health-care-diagnostics-when.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 January 2017. “Tree Fertilization for Fine Root Growth and Whole Root System Effects.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/01/tree-fertilization-for-fine-root-growth.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 December 2016. “Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Low Maintenance Tree Health Care Programs.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/12/abiotic-and-biotic-stress-in-low.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 November 2016. “Organic Amendments to Compacted Degraded Urban Highway Roadsides.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/11/organic-amendments-to-compacted.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2016. “Tree Protection Zones by Arborists for All Construction Project Phases.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/10/tree-protection-zones-by-arborists-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 September 2016. “Stormwater Runoff Landscaping With Urban Canopy Cover and Groundcover.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/09/stormwater-runoff-landscaping-with.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2016. “Changing Places: Tree Nutrient Movement Down, Tree Water Movement Up.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/08/changing-places-tree-nutrient-movement.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 July 2016. “Treated or Untreated Oriental Bittersweet Vine Management Cut-Stumping.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/07/treated-or-untreated-oriental.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 June 2016. “Tree Injection Site Procedures: Manufacturer's Instructions and Labels.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/06/tree-injection-site-procedures.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 May 2016. “Electrical Utility Area Temperate Urban Street Trees: Pruned Regrowth.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/05/electrical-utility-area-temperate-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 April 2016. “Tree Injection Methods: Treatment Option in Integrated Pest Management.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/04/tree-injection-methods-treatment-option.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 March 2016. “Bare-Rooted Ornamental Urban Transplants: Amendments Against Mortality.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/03/bare-rooted-ornamental-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 February 2016. “Bark Protective Survival Mechanisms Foil Deprivation, Injury, Invasion.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/02/bark-protective-survival-mechanisms.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 January 2016. "LITA Model: Linear Index of Tree Appraisal of Large Urban Swedish Trees." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/01/lita-model-linear-index-of-tree.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 December 2015. “Tree Lightning Protection Systems: Site, Soil, Species True Designs.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/12/tree-lightning-protection-systems-site.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 October 2015. “Tree Lightning Protection Systems Tailored to Sites, Soils, Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/10/tree-lightning-protection-systems.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 August 2015. “Tree Friendly Urban Soil Management: Amend, Fertilize, Mulch, Till!” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/08/tree-friendly-urban-soil-management.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 June 2015. “Tree Friendly Urban Soil Management: Assemble, Assess, Assist, Astound.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/06/tree-friendly-urban-soil-management.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 April 2015. “Tree Wound Responses: Healthy Wound Closures by Callus and Woundwood.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/04/tree-wound-responses-healthy-wound.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2015. “Urban Forest Maintenance and Non-Maintenance Costs and Benefits.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/02/urban-forest-maintenance-and-non.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 December 2014. “Tree Dwelling Symbionts: Dodder, Lichen, Mistletoe, Moss and Woe-Vine.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/12/tree-dwelling-symbionts-dodder-lichen.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 October 2014. “Tree Cable Installation Systems Lessen Target Impact From Tree Failure.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/10/tree-cable-installation-systems-lessen.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 August 2014. “Flood Tolerant Trees in Worst-Case Floodplain and Urbanized Scenarios.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/08/flood-tolerant-trees-in-worst-case.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 June 2014. “Integrated Vegetation Management of Plants in Utility Rights-of-Way.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/06/integrated-vegetation-management-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 April 2014. “Tree Twig Identification: Buds, Bundle Scars, Leaf Drops, Leaf Scars.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/04/tree-twig-identification-buds-bundle.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2014. “Tree Twig Anatomy: Ecosystem Stress, Growth Rates, Winter Identification.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/02/tree-twig-anatomy-ecosystem-stress.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 December 2013. “Community and Tree Safety Awareness During Line- and Road-Clearances.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/12/community-and-tree-safety-awareness.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2013. “Chain-Saw Gear and Tree Work Related Personal Protective Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/chain-saw-gear-and-tree-work-related.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 October 2013. “Storm Damaged Tree Clearances: Matched Teamwork of People to Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/storm-damaged-tree-clearances-matched.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 August 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Damage Assessments: Pre-Storm Planned Preparedness.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/08/storm-induced-tree-damage-assessments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 June 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Failures From Heavy Tree Weights and Weather Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/06/storm-induced-tree-failures-from-heavy.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 April 2013. “Urban Tree Root Management Concerns: Defects, Digs, Dirt, Disturbance.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/04/urban-tree-root-management-concerns.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 February 2013. “Tree Friendly Beneficial Soil Microbes: Inoculations and Occurrences.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/tree-friendly-beneficial-soil-microbes.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 December 2012. “Healthy Urban Tree Root Crown Balances: Soil Properties, Soil Volumes.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/healthy-urban-tree-root-crown-balances.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2012. “Tree Adaptive Growth: Tree Risk Assessment of Tree Failure, Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/tree-adaptive-growth-tree-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 August 2012. “Tree Risk Assessment Mitigation Reports: Tree Removal, Tree Retention?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/08/tree-risk-assessment-mitigation-reports.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 June 2012. “Internally Stressed, Response Growing, Wind Loaded Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/06/internally-stressed-response-growing.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 April 2012. “Three Tree Risk Assessment Levels: Limited Visual, Basic and Advanced.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/04/three-tree-risk-assessment-levels.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Risk Ratings for Targets and Trees.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Falling Trees Impacting Targets.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 December 2011. “Tree Risk Assessment: Tree Failures From Defects and From Wind Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/12/tree-risk-assessment-tree-failures-from.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2011. “Five Tree Felling Plan Steps for Successful Removals and Worker Safety.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/10/five-tree-felling-plan-steps-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2011. “Natives and Non-Natives as Successfully Urbanized Plant Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/08/natives-and-non-natives-as-successfully.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 June 2011. “Tree Ring Patterns for Ecosystem Ages, Dates, Health and Stress.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/06/tree-ring-patterns-for-ecosystem-ages.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2011. “Benignly Ugly Tree Disorders: Oak Galls, Powdery Mildew, Sooty Mold, Tar Spot.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/04/benignly-ugly-tree-disorders-oak-galls.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 February 2011. “Tree Load Can Turn Tree Health Into Tree Failure or Tree Fatigue.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/02/tree-load-can-turn-tree-health-into.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 December 2010. “Tree Electrical Safety Knowledge, Precautions, Risks and Standards.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/12/tree-electrical-safety-knowledge.html

The Morton Arboretum. 3 January 2014. "Unusual Ingredient Making Easier Work of Snow Removal at The Morton Arboretum: Beet Juice." The Morton Arboretum > Visit & Explore > Latest News > Press Releases.
Available @ http://www.mortonarb.org/news/news-release-unusual-ingredient-making-easier-work-snow-removal-morton-arboretum-beet-juice

Ordóñez, Camilo; Vadim Sabetski; Andrew A. Millward; James W.N. Steenberg; Amber Grant; James Urban. May 2018. "The Influence of Abiotic Factors on Street Tree Condition and Mortality in a Commercial-Retail Streetscape." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry, vol. 44, no. 3 (May 2018): 133-145.

Peter Kuitenbrouwer @pkuitenbrouwer. 11 July 2014. "Stunning number of dead London Plane trees on Bloor Street." Twitter.
Available @ https://twitter.com/pkuitenbrouwer/status/487587589696655360

Boxing Kangaroos and Elementary Season 6 Episode 4 Our Time Is Up

Summary: Sherlock likes Victorian spas on Elementary May 21, 2018, even though Joan loathes Victorian love for wrestling, punching, hitting, boxing kangaroos.

Victorian (1890s) poster of Kangaroo Boxing Sideshow by German lithographer Adolph Friedländer (April 17, 1851-July 7, 1904): Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons

An allusion to Victorian spas anticipates another to Victorian alacrity for boxing kangaroos in the episode Our Time Is Up May 21, 2018, of the Columbia Broadcasting System procedural drama series Elementary.

Director Guy Ferland and writers Robert Doherty, Liz Friedman and Kelly Wheeler bring up boxing matches between kangaroos and men in Elementary Season 6's fourth episode. Sherlock Holmes (Jonny Lee Miller) considers confinement in a sensory deprivation tank to combat post-concussion syndrome headaches and concludes that "The Victorians knew their spas, Watson." Joan (Lucy Liu) delves into the dark sides of the 19th century and declares that "Yeah, well, they also paid money to watch men box kangaroos."

Nobody explains why Victorians enjoyed extreme entertainment since crime scene examinations of the executioner of Watson's therapist, Dr. Candace Reed (Linda Emond), engross Joan and Sherlock.

Wrestling, punching, kicking and boxing kangaroos fit into large-footed Macropodidae kangaroo, pademelon, quokka, tree-kangaroo, wallaby and wallaroo family life cycles as fighters over females and water.

Australia's antelope, eastern gray, red and western gray kangaroo species all get big, powerful feet on large, strong hind legs for hopping, kicking, leaping and running. They have long, muscular tails that they hang vertically downward with backs straight-up and limbs and tail tips respectively horizontally parallel to and on the ground. Antelope, eastern gray, red and western gray kangaroo forelegs immobilize another macropod's short, thin neck and small head while rear-footed claws implement disembowelment, kicks and slashes.

Female antelope, eastern gray, red and western gray kangaroos join wrestling, punching, kicking, boxing kangaroos only in jabbing and jumping over drink line-ups at watering holes.

Sir Joseph Banks's (Feb. 24, 1743-June 19, 1820) diary entry July 12, 1770, kept first known European references to kangaroos with the Guugu Yimithirr word gangurru.

The London-born English naturalist located to the Endeavour River mouth, Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, under HMS Endeavour Commander, Lieutenant James Cook (Nov. 7, 1728-Feb. 14, 1779). The Cook diary entry Aug. 4, 1770, mentioned the Guugu Yimithirr ("speech having this [as language]") word, not wrestling, punching, kicking, boxing kangaroos, despite area populations. Peter Jensen Brown's Early Sports and Pop Culture History Blog entry Oct. 24, 2014, notes early newspaper articles on boxing-gloved kangaroos March 20 and 26, 1891.

Barrier Miner in Broken Hill, New South Wales, and Table Talk in Melbourne, Victoria, observed Jack the Fighting Kangaroo (died Nov. 2, 1891) and Professor Lindermann.

Table Talk and Brown respectively presented Jack's previous three-year training by R.S. Mayne or Mayne's wife Olivia Sabina Mayne, before performances with the Evangeline Company's wrangler.

Lindermann queued Westminster Aquarium performances in London, November-December 1892, for boxer-namesaked (Oct. 15, 1858-Feb. 2, 1918) John L. Sullivan, third of Upper Goulburn district's boxing kangaroos. The United States received "Australian Boxing Kangaroos" in 1893 even though Kansas's Phillipsburg Herald April 2, 1891, referred to the Philadelphia Zoo's own boxing-gloved John L. The article 'John L.' - Philadelphia's Boxing Kangaroo stated that Headkeeper Peter F. Byrne, From the Jungles to the Zoo author, served as trainer and opponent.

Joan tends toward 21st-century timeliness but tolerates Victorian sensory deprivation tanks for Sherlock's headaches even though that era's unrelated trending boxing kangaroos as entertainment troubles her.

Sherlock Holmes' (Jonny Lee Miller) preference for a Victorian-age sensory deprivation tank over modern float tank prompts Joan Watson's (Lucy Liu) observation that Victorians ". . . also paid money to watch men box kangaroos," in Elementary tv series' Our Time Is Up (season 6 episode 4): Elementary @ElementaryCBS via Facebook May 21, 2018

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Victorian (1890s) poster of Kangaroo Boxing Sideshow by German lithographer Adolph Friedländer (April 17, 1851-July 7, 1904): Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kangaroo_Boxing_sideshow_poster.jpg

Sherlock Holmes' (Jonny Lee Miller) preference for a Victorian-age sensory deprivation tank over modern float tank prompts Joan Watson's (Lucy Liu) observation that Victorians ". . . also paid money to watch men box kangaroos," in Elementary tv series' Our Time Is Up (season 6 episode 4): Elementary @ElementaryCBS via Facebook May 21, 2018, @ https://www.facebook.com/ElementaryCBS/posts/1052465128211931

For further information:

Brown, Peter Jensen. 24 October 2014. "Australia's Boxing Kangaroo -- From Philadelphia???" Early Sports and Pop Culture History Blog.
Available @ https://esnpc.blogspot.ca/2014/10/australias-boxing-kangaroo-from.html

Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan. The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. London England: George Newnes Ltd., 1892.

Elementary @ElementaryCBS. 21 May 2018. "Added a photo." Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/ElementaryCBS/photos/a.151627898295663.14686.151013691690417/1052462301545547/
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/ElementaryCBS/photos/a.151627898295663.14686.151013691690417/1052462341545543

Elementary @ElementaryCBS. 21 May 2018. "Sherlock & Joan through the looking glass." Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/ElementaryCBS/posts/1052465128211931

Kurchak, Sarah. 11 June 2015. "The Prolific and Upsetting History of Humans Boxing Kangaroos." VICE Sports > Fightland > Words > Fightland Blog.
Available @ http://fightland.vice.com/blog/the-prolific-and-upsetting-history-of-humans-boxing-kangaroos

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 May 2018. “American Staffordshire Terrier and Elementary's Pushing Buttons.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/american-staffordshire-terrier-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 May 2018. “Cassowaries and Elementary's Pushing Buttons Episode May 14, 2018.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/cassowaries-and-elementarys-pushing.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 May 2018. “Monoceros Unicorns: Puzzles Once You've Ruled Out God on Elementary.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/monoceros-unicorns-puzzles-once-youve.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 May 2018. “Sumatran Tigers and Elementary's An Infinite Capacity for Taking Pains.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/sumatran-tigers-and-elementarys.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 November 2016. “Green Tree Python Natural History Illustrations and Elementary.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/11/green-tree-python-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 November 2016. “Eastern Poison Ivy Botanical Illustrations and Elementary's Henny Penny.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/11/eastern-poison-ivy-botanical.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 November 2016. “Galápagos Marine Iguana Natural History Illustrations and Elementary.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/11/galapagos-marine-iguana-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 October 2016. "China's Imperial Jade Heirloom Seal Worth Several Cities on Elementary." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/10/chinas-imperial-jade-heirloom-seal.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 May 2016. “Mopane Worm Natural History Illustrations and Elementary's Invisible Hand.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/05/mopane-worm-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 May 2016. “Johannes Vermeer Painting The Astronomer: Elementary's Invisible Hand.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/05/johannes-vermeer-painting-astronomer.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 March 2016. “Shih Tzu Dog Breed and Elementary's Up to Heaven and Down to Hell.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/03/shih-tzu-dog-breed-and-elementarys-up.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2016. “Mushroom Botanical Illustrations and Elementary's A Study in Charlotte.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/02/mushroom-botanical-illustrations-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 November 2015. "Black-Capped Central American Squirrel Monkeys and Elementary Series." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/11/black-capped-central-american-squirrel.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 November 2015. “Tienchi-Flower Tea and Elementary's Evidence of Things Not Seen.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/11/tienchi-flower-tea-and-elementarys.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 April 2015. “Pablo Picasso Painting Woman Reading on Elementary's A Stitch in Time.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/pablo-picasso-painting-woman-reading-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 February 2015. “Extinct Quagga Plains Zebra on Elementary's The Female of the Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/02/extinct-quagga-plains-zebra-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 January 2015. “Elementary's Yellow Clivia and Yellow Clivia Botanical Illustrations.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/01/elementarys-yellow-clivia-and-yellow.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 December 2014. “Elementary's Nutmeg Concoction and Nutmeg Botanical Illustrations.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/12/elementarys-nutmeg-concoction-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 November 2014. “Elementary's Bird in Blue-Throated Macaw Natural History Illustrations.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/11/elementarys-bird-in-blue-throated-macaw.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 October 2014. “Bearded Dragon Natural History Illustrations: Not Elementary's Nemesis.” Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/10/bearded-dragon-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 May 2014. “Ficus Benjamina Botanical Illustrations and Elementary's Stunted Tree.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/05/ficus-benjamina-botanical-illustrations.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 February 2014. “Dimetrodon Natural History Illustrations and Elementary's Dimetrodon.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/02/dimetrodon-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 January 2014. “Nanotyrannus Natural History Illustrations and Elementary's Dead Clade Walking.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/01/nanotyrannus-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 December 2013. “Fruit in Osage Orange Botanical Illustrations and Elementary Series.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/12/fruit-in-osage-orange-botanical.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 November 2013. “George Stubbs Painting The Godolphin Arabian and Elementary's Nutmeg.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/11/george-stubbs-painting-godolphin.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 November 2013. “John Wootton Painting The Darley Arabian and Elementary's Studhorse.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/11/john-wootton-painting-darley-arabian.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 November 2013. “John Wootton Painting The Byerley Turk and Elementary's Thoroughbreds.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/11/john-wootton-painting-byerley-turk-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 August 2013. “Turner Fighting Temeraire Painting in Elementary Series Episode The Woman.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/08/turner-fighting-temeraire-painting-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 June 2013. “Paul Gauguin Painting Tahitian Women on the Beach in Elementary's The Woman.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/06/paul-gauguin-painting-tahitian-women-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 May 2013. “Rubens Painting The Incredulity of St Thomas in Elementary's The Woman.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/05/rubens-painting-incredulity-of-st.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 May 2013. “Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec Painting Rousse in Elementary Episode The Woman.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/05/henri-de-toulouse-lautrec-painting.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 May 2013. “The Bruegel Painted Parable in the Elementary Series Episode The Woman.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/05/the-bruegel-painted-parable-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 February 2013. “Osmia Avosetta Natural History Illustrations for Elementary's Bee.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/osmia-avosetta-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 February 2013. “Russian Tortoise Natural History Illustrations and Elementary's Clyde Jan. 31, 2013.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/russian-tortoise-natural-history.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 January 2013. “Costliest, World-Most Expensive Chopard Watch: 201 Carats at $25 Million.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/costliest-world-most-expensive-chopard.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 January 2013. “Chopard Watch Worth $25 Million on Elementary Episode The Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/chopard-watch-worth-25-million-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 January 2013. “Claude Monet Painting Nympheas 1918 in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/claude-monet-painting-nympheas-1918-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 January 2013. “Paul Cézanne Still Life Painting Fruit in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/01/paul-cezanne-still-life-painting-fruit.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 December 2012. “Paul Signac Painting Women at the Well in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/paul-signac-painting-women-at-well-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 December 2012. “The Van Gogh Pietà Painting in Elementary Series Episode The Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-van-gogh-pieta-painting-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 December 2012. “Edward Hopper Painting Western Motel in Elementary Series' Leviathan.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/edward-hopper-painting-western-motel-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 September 2012. "Are Lesser Clovers Sherlock's Lucky Shamrocks on Elementary's Pilot?" Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/09/are-lesser-clovers-sherlocks-lucky.html

"Our Time Is Up." Elementary: The Sixth Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, May 21, 2018.

Ryan, Tom. "Do Kangaroos Really Box?" Animals - mom.me > Other Animals > Wildlife and Exotic Animals.
Available @ http://animals.mom.me/kangaroos-really-box-5126.html

Stice, Joel. 2 August 2017. "The Bizarre, Disgusting History of Kangaroo Boxing." AllThatsInteresting. Last updated Aug. 3, 2017.
Available @ http://allthatsinteresting.com/kangaroo-boxing